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Articles

Microscope in Laboratory

RBCs bind mitochondrial
DNA to prevent inflammation

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 

(2018)

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Circulating red blood cells homeostatically bind mitochondrial DNA, via TLR9 to maintain immune quiescence and protect against lung injury.

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Medical Test Tubes

Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Science Translational Medicine (2021)

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 Human RBCs express TLR9 and bind extracellular DNA; in sepsis and COVID-19 this promotes immune activation and anemia.

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Scientist with Test Tubes

RBCs as Reservoirs of Tumor DNA

AJP – Lung

(2024)

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Tumor-derived DNA was detected on RBCs from lung cancer patients, supporting RBCs as a new liquid biopsy substrate for early cancer detection.

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Lab Experiment with Flask

Human RBCs Express the RNA Sensor TLR7

Scientific Reports 

(2024)

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RBCs were found to express TLR7 and bind RNA, revealing a previously unrecognized RNA-sensing function with implications for viral disease.

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Scientist with Test Tubes

RBCs Capture & Deliver Bacterial DNA in Sepsis

Journal of Clinical Investigation (2025)

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Red blood cells capture microbial DNA and deliver it to drive immune responses, uncovering a new mechanism of immune activation during polymicrobial sepsis.

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Laboratory

HPV DNA on RBCs in Cervical Cancer

Obstetrics & Gynecology

(2025)

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First clinical evidence that HPV DNA is detectable on RBCs in cervical cancer patients, highlighting their potential as a viral DNA biopsy source.

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